Deers, cute but harmful. How to prevent damage?

Deer can strip young shoots and eat grapes, reducing production, while wild boar pose a similar problem. When workers encountered an immobile fawn in the vineyard, they continued their work around it until its mother returned. To protect the vines without harming wildlife, I Balzini tested an organic olfactory repellent containing sheep fat. It was odourless to people, recognized for organic agricultural use and, at the time of publication, had prevented damage to young shoots.